SWP.exe is a standard interface for the calculation of thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids. This software program was developed around 2007 - 2011 (aerryawan gerry), Energy Section, PT. Jaya CM.
Each thermodynamic library implements one or more thermodynamic models for several thermodynamics Analysis and optimization heat and electricity production system
State functions for water/steam calculations are: IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 (IAPWS-IF97)
Small actifities post cardia surgery. Boiler HMI using RSView32, porting from WinlogLite and Symfac 2.0 to GFX graph, rewrite all tags / derived tags. All tags type converted to DDE tags. RSLinx role as DDE server ;)
The Efficiency of the transformer is the given by
(Power output/Power Input)*100
The Efficiency of the transformer is affected by the losses inside the transformer.
These losses can be categorized into three typesThese are losses caused by the heating of the conductor when current is passes through it. They are also known as I*I*R losses as the heat generated is proportional to the formula H=I*I*R
Core losses are the losses which occur in the core of the transformer. There are two kinds of core losses, They are Hysteresis Loss and Eddy Current Losses
Hysteresis losses occur when the magnetic orientation of the molecules inside the core are reversed when the magnetic field changes. This reversal of orientation of the molecules results in the generation of heat.
Eddy current losses occur due to circulating currents in the form of eddies which are generated in the core. These eddy currents generate heat.
These are losses which occur due to the leakage of the magnetic flux of the transformer. This leakage can cause eddy currents in the fitments of the transformer such as the tank, channels, bolts, etc.
When the fuel is burnt in the furnace of a boiler, all the energy in the fuel is not available to heat the boiler. Some of the energy is lost in the form of losses.
The Losses in combustion of a boiler are categorized in to the following types:The heat generated by burning the fuel is present in the flue gases. When these gases escape into the atmosphere, some amount of heat also escapes with the gases.
This refers to the heat used in evaporating moisture or water present in the fuel. This is particularly significant in coal-fired boilers.
The improper combustion of fuel due to poor quality or inadequate air also results in loss of potential energy
The furnace of the boiler is insulated. Despite this, some heat escapes from the furnace to the atmosphere.
Draught or Draft refers to the pressure difference between the burner and the atmosphere. This pressure difference or draught causes the air to flow from the burner to the atmosphere. The residue of combustion such as waste gases, soot, etc are carried away by the flow of air.
Draught also has a great role to play in combustion. The flow of fresh air into the burners is necessary for proper combustion. Hence, the draught system should be designed such that the combustion can take place properly.
The draught of a combustion system can be measured using a manometer when the furnace is in operation. One end of the manometer is connected to the furnace while the other end is left open to the atmosphere. The pressure difference indicates the draught of the system.
There are different types of draught:Water present in a steam system moves at a very high velocity driven by the steam pressure. In some cases, the acceleration is even greater than that of steam. When this water at high speed hits a fitting such as valve or a bend, violent impact resulting in noise or a pressure shock which travels through the system is produced. This is called water hammering
Mild cases of water hammering can cause noise or vibration. Extremely severe cases can result in fracture of the pipe.
Condensate Hammering is more damaging than water hammering. In condensate hammering, a pocket of steam surrounded by cooler water condenses into water. This causes a rapid reduction in volume. The water surrounding the pocket are thus drawn inwards and a collision occurs. This results in a severe a rapid over pressurization which can easily damage gaskets, valves and other components. The consequences can be very disastrous even fatal.
Hammering can be removed by preventing water from entering the steam lines. Reducing Carryover, ensuring that the steam traps are functioning properly are some of the precautions. The steam velocity in a boiler should not be allowed to exceed limits. Steam velocity has a direct bearing on the intensity of the hammering.
The piping should be as per design. Sagging of the pipeline can cause water hammering. Damaged insulation can cause condensate formation in the pipelines. Insulation should be checked and replaced if damaged.
Membrane Contactors are used to deaerate water in a boiler. Membrane Contactors are getting increasingly popular. Membrane Contactors use a membrane which is made of hydrophobic material with pore size of the order of 0.03 micrometer.
On one side of the membrane, a gas, usually nitrogen, is passed at low pressure. On the other side, the water to be deaerated is passed. Since the membrane is hydrophobic, the water does not pass through it. But the gases which are dissolved pass through the membrane to the other side with low pressure.
The deaeration process can be controlled by varying the pressure of the gas and its concentration. The capacity of the contactor can be increased by adding more membranes. The membrane contactor method can produce water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 1 ppb (parts per billion).
The advantages of using Membrane Contactors are:Deaeration refers to the process of removing dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbondioxide from the water. Dissolved Oxygen in Water causes corrosion by the formation of rush on the surfaces of the boiler and the piping (rust). Carbondioxide which is dissolved in the water forms carbonic acid which also causes corrosion.
Hence, it is essential that these two gases are removed from water.
Deaerators can be classified into:
These Deaerators separate the gases by a mix of high temperature and mechanical action
Chemical deaerators work by passing the water through chemicals which absorb the oxygen and the carbondioxide.
Membrane Contractors work by passing the water through hollow fibres. The water is made to pass on the outside of the hollow fibre. A vacuum is created on the inside. The gases pass through the membrane on to the inside and drawn into the vacuum pump.
Setiap perjalanan insinyur dimulai dengan noise. Di hari-hari awal, diagram T–s tampak seperti peta yang menolak bersahabat: garis keluaran turbin meloncat ke udara, superheating tidak pernah menapak pada kondenser, dan enthalpy inlet–outlet tidak pernah menutup sempurna.
Setiap titik menjadi tanda tanya. Dan setiap kali tombol Run ditekan, PC Desktop mengingatkan dengan dingin:
“Energy balance not achieved.”Namun yang tidak dikatakan oleh software itu adalah — kesabaran juga bagian dari perhitungan.
Hari-hari itu saya habiskan di antara angka dan keringat.
Satu per satu node saya buka: feedwater heater, deaerator, low-pressure heater.
Saya periksa mass flow, saya tetapkan nilai xoutlet di sisi kondensasi.
Tidak ada yang instan di dunia termodinamika.
Bahkan energi pun, sebelum berpindah, harus berdamai dengan tekanan dan suhu sekitarnya.
Perlahan-lahan, titik-titik itu mulai berbicara. Saya mulai mendengar pola — bukan lagi angka, tapi ritme: bagaimana uap memberi panas, bagaimana cairan menerima, bagaimana setiap kilojoule kembali ke asalnya tanpa tersesat.
Dan akhirnya, di suatu sore, setelah sekian jam iterasi, saya menatap layar dan melihat garis itu menyatu: kurva uap yang turun lembut ke garis jenuh cair. Tidak ada perayaan besar — hanya keheningan, dan sebutir kepastian kecil: bahwa hukum pertama termodinamika telah ditegakkan.
GPHR dan NPHR kini punya makna, bukan sekadar angka di laporan, tapi cermin dari keseimbangan — antara energi yang keluar dan energi yang pulang. Itu hari ketika siklus Rankine saya menutup sempurna. Dan di momen itu saya sadar:
“Siklus ini bukan sekadar mesin,
tapi alegori tentang kehidupan.”
Kini saya tidak lagi menghitung kalor, melainkan bit, bandwidth, dan uptime. Namun setiap kali saya melihat arsitektur jaringan yang stabil, saya masih melihat siklus Rankine di baliknya: Server sebagai boiler, router sebagai turbin, database sebagai deaerator, user sebagai kondenser. Dan di pusat semua itu, ada hukum yang sama:
Tidak ada sistem yang sempurna,
kecuali yang seimbang.
Dulu saya menyeimbangkan uap dengan air; sekarang saya menyeimbangkan manusia dengan mesin. Dan saya tahu, prinsipnya tidak pernah berubah.
Sempurna bukan berarti tanpa kehilangan,
tapi ketika semua kehilangan telah kembali menjadi energi lain.
Begitulah hidup seorang insinyur —
selalu berputar, selalu menyeimbangkan,
dan selalu berharap, setiap siklus yang ia rancang
menjadi sedikit lebih selaras dengan Sang Pencipta Energi itu sendiri.
— Chief-ICT, JCM
(engineer termal yang masih percaya bahwa setiap siklus, termasuk kehidupan, harus ditutup dengan keseimbangan)
It is simply beyond our senses, thought, logic, and comprehension
As reiterated time and again by those brilliant brains, this invented supreme creator is simply beyond our senses, thoughts, reason and comprehension. We are the lowly creatures, with a limited capability to understand the creation and existence. If this is the truth, then why do we keep trying to understand it? There are much more productive areas to direct our efforts which would produce results.
The results, expected from the research in genetics, and especially the human genome project will provide us with tremendous possibilities to raise our level of intellect towards that of the supreme creator(!). This will put us in a position to understand how the mankind has duped itself. These scientific developments will show us also a much more clear picture of our existence than the debate on the supreme creator.
Intellectual Efforts To Prove The "UN-Proveable"
Since its invention by the human imagination this has been a matter for the resolution of which a great deal of intellectual resourcefulness has been put to trial. Problem was and still is to find an explanation to the inexplicable, and proving the un-provable. It is boring in the sense that there is no end to it. It is definitely not of this world because no one has seen or heard or witnessed anything about the supreme being, that could bring a pinch of reality to it. All efforts have been fruitless since its inception 6000 years ago, but nevertheless it continues to be the most favorite pastime of the incognizant minds. The ideas invented by the mankind and the belief systems built around those ideas have been the source of many problems both in the personal and public spheres. They are the instruments of sovereignty, division, oppression, and injustice as well Since the beginning belief systems have also pushed women into a secondary position in their respective communities. Look around yourself and you'll most certainly come face to face with the characteristic examples.
The brightest brains were involved in the debate to solve the mystery. To no avail. The crucial questions asked thousands of years ago are still valid, and unanswered. Those brains that took part in the discussion have made themselves fall into the trap set up by the inventors of this fiction. Some of them have tried to prove that this invention has really existed while others have tried to show that it is all nonsense. There are always different sides in a discussion. But if the subject of the discussion is an 'unknown' how could one be for or against it positively? We shall not fall into the same trap of discussing the incomprehensible with the terms set by its inventors. This is especially crucial when one remembers all those brilliant brains which were stalled by the stalemate, ending up in rejecting the invention itself. We shall ask the right questions. Each question will show that not even a single step has been taken towards the supposed reality. But too many things have been said and written. As we try to follow the story of the supreme being we shall have glimpses of the frail human mind's efforts to solve the riddle that it has created.
This problem was introduced by the human beings, was it not? Now the ones who are trying to find a solution are also the human beings: Allegedly the limited, the incapable creatures of supreme being. Being limited by creation and incapable of full comprehension of the reality, the mankind felt that it needed answers to the questions about the creator it has invented. The next step was the need to establish the nature, intentions and activities of this creator. This, in turn, has introduced the following crucial questions:
All these efforts ended up in the fall of the mankind to the level of incapability, and the slowing down of the human progress. Thanks to the tremendous achievements in science and technology, situation has changed, and the movement is gathering pace.
Setiap pagi, ada dua proses booting yang berlangsung bersamaan: yang satu di dalam server, dan yang satu di dalam kepala manusia. Keduanya sama-sama membutuhkan waktu, listrik, dan kopi. Bedanya, server tak punya pilihan, sementara manusia punya tombol snooze.
⚙️ I. POST — Power On Self TestSaat mata terbuka setengah, tubuh menjalankan diagnostic sequence. Apakah ini hari kerja? Apakah aku masih hidup? Apakah alarm itu nyata? Dan di titik inilah kesadaran mulai muncul — bukan dari sinar matahari, tapi dari sinar layar ponsel yang menampilkan notifikasi tak berujung.
System check: OK
Wi-Fi: Reconnecting...
Motivation: Missing driver
Mood: Needs caffeine injection
☕ II. Initializing Caffeine Interface
Tak ada protokol yang lebih universal di dunia profesional selain: kopi pagi. Kopi bukan sekadar minuman, tapi ritual sinkronisasi antar dimensi. Di antara kepulan uapnya, Chief-ICT menemukan waktu untuk introspeksi: berapa tiket IT yang belum direspon, berapa RAB yang belum disetujui, dan berapa vendor yang akan datang tanpa janji lalu minta rapat pagi.
Kopi adalah API antara dunia mimpi dan dunia kerja. Ia menyalakan port “kesadaran” dan membuka socket komunikasi dengan realita.💻 III. System Online — Masuk ke Kantor
Begitu badge di-scan dan pintu terbuka, firmware kesadaran berubah menjadi OS penuh. Wajah-wajah rekan kerja bermunculan seperti ikon desktop: Finance.exe, HRD.bat, VendorUpdate.cmd, dan BoDMeeting.iso. Setiap klik adalah potensi crash, setiap sapaan bisa menjadi patch yang menunda kelelahan.
“Selamat pagi, Pak.” — “Pagi. Sudah di-approve ya RAB yang kemarin?” Dan begitulah, debugging dimulai bahkan sebelum kopi habis.🔧 IV. System Maintenance — Di Bawah Cahaya Neon
Ketika malam datang dan kantor kosong, hanya satu makhluk yang tersisa: Kepala ICT yang masih menatap layar sambil berkata lirih, “ini bukan lembur, ini maintenance spiritual.” Ia sadar — sistem boleh auto-update, tapi manusia tidak.
Setiap baris kode adalah doa kecil agar dunia tetap stabil.🌙 V. Shutdown Sequence
Setiap log error adalah pengingat bahwa bahkan mesin pun butuh pengampunan.
Dan ketika lampu neon padam, dan kursi diputar perlahan, Firmware kesadaran kembali tidur, menunggu panggilan alarm besok pagi. Semoga patch hari ini cukup untuk memperbaiki bug kemanusiaan yang tersisa.
System shutting down…
See you again, Monday morning.
Hopefully after only one snooze.