Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Liturgi Turunnya Sang Dewi: Antara Ishtar dan Ereshkigal

Di awal segala hal, ketika matahari masih berdansa malu-malu dengan embun gandum dan langit belum belajar menyembunyikan amarahnya, dunia masih tahu: ada dua sisi dari cahaya—yang memikat dan yang terkubur. Ishtar tahu ini. Ia tahu bahwa kekuasaannya atas gairah dan peperangan tidaklah lengkap tanpa menapaki satu wilayah yang tidak bisa ditaklukkan: Kematian.

Ishtar, Inanna, Bintang Timur yang Terbit—ia, yang para raja agungkan, yang para pendeta persembahkan darah dan dupa—turun. Bukan dengan tentara. Bukan dengan mantra. Ia turun sendiri.

Gerbang Pertama: Mahkota
Penjaga bertanya, “Mengapa engkau datang?” Ishtar menjawab, “Untuk menghadiri pemakaman kekasihku.” Tapi ia berbohong. Ia datang untuk mengetahui siapa dirinya ketika segala simbol kekuasaan direnggut. Ia melepaskan mahkota: lambang otoritas, dan memasukinya.

Gerbang Kedua: Kalung dan Permata
Ia menanggalkan kilau keindahan. Tidak ada yang bersinar di Kur. Di sini, semua kemewahan hanya beban. Di sini, cinta tidak dihiasi. Cinta dikuliti.

Gerbang Ketiga sampai Keenam:
Gelang, sabuk, jubah... Setiap lapisan yang pernah membuatnya dewi menjadi kain usang di tangan penjaga Kur. Dan Ishtar tidak menangis. Ia menerima. Karena kejatuhan adalah syarat kelahiran makna.

Gerbang Ketujuh: Tubuh
Ia berdiri di hadapan Ereshkigal, ratu dari segala kesendirian, dalam wujud paling telanjang: tidak terlindung, tidak diagungkan, tidak dicintai. Ishtar, yang dahulu ditakuti, kini tergantung—seperti persembahan yang tidak diinginkan.

Tiga hari.
Tiga malam.
Tidak ada suara dari atas.
Kuil-kuil sunyi.
Tubuh-tubuh tidak bersatu.
Senjata-senjata tidak berbunyi.
Karena dunia menunggu: apakah cinta bisa kembali dari kematian?

Enki Mengirim Dua Wujud Tanpa Nama
Mereka tidak membawa pedang.
Tidak membawa syair.
Mereka membawa kesediaan untuk mendengarkan.

Di hadapan Ereshkigal yang sedang melahirkan—bukan anak, tapi kesakitan purba, mereka tidak menawarkan jawaban. Mereka menangis bersamanya.

Dan untuk pertama kalinya... sang ratu dunia bawah tidak sendiri.

Air Kehidupan Diberikan
Karena kesedihan yang dibagikan... adalah pintu pemulihan. Karena penderitaan yang didengar... melahirkan belas kasih. Dan karena belas kasih... bahkan kematian membuka gerbang.

Ishtar Kembali

Tapi bukan sebagai dewi yang sama. Ia membawa keretakan.
Ia membawa hening.
Ia membawa penglihatan baru—bahwa tidak ada cinta yang benar-benar kuat sebelum ia menatap wajah kematian dan tidak berpaling.

Dan inilah Liturginya:

Pada setiap malam yang tidak ada jawaban—kita adalah Ishtar. Pada setiap duka yang tak memiliki kata—kita adalah Ereshkigal.

Ketika kita menanggalkan mahkota ambisi, gelang keinginan, dan jubah kepastian... Kita akan tahu:

Bahwa di dasar segalanya, ada ruang kosong yang tidak membunuh—hanya menanti untuk didengarkan.

Dan dari ruang itulah, doa lahir. Bukan dengan suara. Tapi dengan keberanian untuk turun. Dan menatap kegelapan sebagai saudari


Ishtar's Descent: A Liturgy for the Silent

In the beginning of all things, when the sun still danced shyly with the dew on wheat and the sky had not yet learned to hide its fury, the world still knew: there were two faces to the light—the one that dazzled, and the one buried beneath. Ishtar knew this. She knew that her dominion over passion and war was incomplete without stepping into one domain that could not be conquered: Death.

Ishtar, Inanna, Rising Star of the East—she, exalted by kings, offered blood and incense by priests—descended. Not with an army. Not with spells. She descended alone.

First Gate: The Crown The guardian asked, “Why have you come?” Ishtar answered, “To attend the funeral of my beloved.” But she lied. She came to discover who she was when all symbols of power were stripped away. She removed her crown: the emblem of authority, and passed through.

Second Gate: Necklace and Jewels She shed the gleam of beauty. Nothing sparkles in Kur. Here, all luxury is burden. Here, love is not adorned. Love is flayed.

Gates Three through Six: Bracelets, belt, robe... Each layer that once made her a goddess became rags in the hands of the guardians of Kur. And Ishtar did not weep. She accepted. For the fall is the price of meaning’s birth.

Seventh Gate: The Body She stood before Ereshkigal, queen of all loneliness, in her most naked form: unshielded, unpraised, unloved. Ishtar, once feared, now hung—like an offering no one wanted.

Three days. Three nights. No word from above. Temples silent. Bodies unjoined. Weapons mute. Because the world waited: can love return from death?

Enki Sends Two Nameless Beings They carried no swords. No poems. They brought only the willingness to listen.

Before Ereshkigal in labor—not with child, but with ancient pain, they offered no answers. They wept with her.

And for the first time... the queen of the underworld was not alone.

The Waters of Life Are Given Because sorrow shared... is the door to restoration. Because suffering heard... births compassion. And through compassion... even death unbars its gates.

Ishtar Returns

But not as the same goddess. She carried a fracture. She carried silence. She carried a new vision—that no love is truly strong until it has stared into the face of death and did not look away.

And this is her Liturgy:

On every night without answers—we are Ishtar. In every grief that has no words—we are Ereshkigal.

When we strip away the crown of ambition, the bracelets of desire, the robe of certainty... We will know:

That at the bottom of all things, there is an empty space that does not kill—it only waits to be heard.

And from that space, prayer is born. Not with words. But with the courage to descend. And to face the dark as a sister.

Sunday, November 11, 2007

Maximize Return on Production Assets

Monitoring, management and optimization services can help minimize the risk of downtime
What are the hidden costs of your aging infrastructure? One big ticket item: Finding the right parts at the right time for preventive (or real-time) maintenance.

The first priority of any asset and plant optimization is having reliable spare parts on your storeroom shelves. But if you have the parts in stock – do you know how to find them?

That last part is critical to keeping machines up and running and reducing overall inventory carrying costs.

Success Through Inventory
If asset management is a struggle for you, you’re not alone. While managing aging equipment is an often overlooked component of a maintenance program, it shouldn’t be – because an estimated $65 billion worth of legacy assets are nearing the end of their useful life.

Can you benefit from better parts management?
Stay ahead of maintenance issues so you can minimize the risk of downtime as you modernize. A phased approach (identify, research, quantify and prioritize) can help you efficiently and effectively address obsolescence risk.

Wednesday, October 10, 2007

Justify your migration

How to calculate financial validation for a new automation system?
Does your process plant have an outdated distributed control system (DCS)? As your DCS reaches the end of its life, you know migration is a must – but first you need to justify the expense.

This justification typically will compare the cost of continued operation with your current DCS to the costs and benefits of migrating to a new automation system. It’s not a simple calculation – a lot of factors come together to comprise the total cost of ownership (TCO). To perform the most accurate analysis, every factor must be identified and quantified including:

  • Current maintenance and support costs
  • Quality of process control
  • New automation system costs and benefits

Excessive TCO for your existing DCS might spur migration, but the clincher is the quantification of new automation system costs and benefits.

Sunday, September 9, 2007

Analytics Really Do Matter

Driving Digital Transformation and the Smart Manufacturing Enterprise With a focus on today’s industrial enterprise, there’s a shift from metrics that matter to analytics that matter. This evolution marks an important milestone that aligns with how companies conduct their digital transformation journey.

At the heart of a digital enterprise is data and using it to improve enterprise-wide performance. One of the major tools that have to achieve this is analytics: Data and analytics architecture that helps manufacturers achieve digital transformation goals

Start at the Beginning: Architecture and Edge When you dig into this matter you’ll see that the Digital Transformation framework doesn’t differentiate between analytics running at the Edge from those running in the Cloud. Operational Architecture is primarily software-based, and applications and analytics can run anywhere in the corporate architecture that makes sense. This approach means you can build the Operational Architecture without concern for hardware limitations.

Recommendations for Analytics and Digital Transformation Digital transformation is a “must” for industrial organizations to survive and succeed.

Wednesday, August 8, 2007

VFD induced draft fan coupling failure

Torsional vibration problems in rotating machinery can be difficult to recognize. Unlike radial vibration which can be easily measured with readily available sensors, torsional vibration is more difficult to measure because it involves the twisting of shafts while the machine is rotating. It can typically only be measured with special devices such as strain gauges or torsional lasers. As a result, torsional problems typically go unnoticed until something fails.

Variable frequency drives (VFDs) are commonly used to vary the speed of various types of rotating machinery to efficiently control the capacity. Typical machinery applications include pumps, fans, blowers and compressors. However, VFDs can induce dynamic torques which can excite torsional natural frequencies, leading to undetected failures.

It is not likely further testing will help with the understanding of the failure mechanism. While it may be possible to make VFD configuration changes, the VFD manufacturer has not been helpful in the failure investigation. So, this might end up being a trial and error process. It is also possible to change to a different VFD manufacturer or model. However, changing to a torsionally resilient type coupling is a simple change and has a high chance of solving the problem. Based on this, the decision was made to change to a torsionally resilient type coupling. A couple of different coupling types are being evaluated. It will be necessary to do a torsional rotordynamic analysis as part of the retrofit.

VFDs can also cause torsional vibration problems. And, these can be difficult to analyze. In some cases, field testing is needed. Even though the testing led to inconclusive results, it did show that high dynamic torque was not the problem. This provides the confidence that installing a more tolerant coupling will solve the problem.

Patrick J. Smith

Saturday, July 7, 2007

Analisa termodinamika dan optimalisasi sistem produksi listrik dan panas (100%) PLTU 2x50MW

Analisa termodinamika dan optimalisasi sistem produksi listrik dan panas (100%) PLTU 2x50MW

State functions for water/steam calculations is: IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 (IAPWS-IF97) Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of systems for the production of electricity and heat base on TMCR TPRL15-20180612-RO1C

est GPHR: 2634.894824 kCal/kWH est NPHR: 3259.705921 kCal/kWH STHR aka NTHR aka HR: 2148.493239 kCal/kWH STHR aka NTHR aka HR: 8995.311494 kJ/kWH

Wednesday, June 6, 2007

Attack risk at the root

4 ways to address brand-critical safety, security and obsolescence challenges

Managing risk is ultimately about protecting your brand and reputation. Your approach to risk management should focus on where problems originate:

  • Equipment obsolescence:
    Modernizing production systems using the latest control and information technologies can help minimize unplanned downtime, support compliance with the latest standards and regulations, and play a major role in managing the other areas (quality, safety and security).

  • Quality:
    Harness the power of information buried within your operations to improve quality management and help confirm adherence to existing and emerging government regulations.

  • Safety:
    Safety must be addressed in three crucial areas – culture, compliance and capital. The upside: companies that experience fewer safety incidents have also been shown to have improved operational performance.

  • Security:
    As you embrace end-to-end connectivity across your facilities and enterprises, a comprehensive security approach helps protect people and intellectual property.

Saturday, May 5, 2007

Make the Most of Modernization

Smart manufacturing is digitizing and transforming nearly every aspect of industrial operations.

Plants and systems that previously operated separate from each other can be integrated with end-to-end connectivity. Machines that had little or no visibility into their performance can be monitored in real time. Workers who were reliant on manually collected data and tribal knowledge can make better decisions with production intelligence, online support and mobile collaboration.

Key to making all of this possible is a modern network architecture — one that not only meets your immediate needs, but also addresses potential future challenges and anticipates future innovations and growth.

Wednesday, April 4, 2007

Key Design and Deployment Considerations

For most organizations, network modernization involves bringing together IT and operations technology (OT) systems into a converged network architecture. This creates a common, connected and standardized infrastructure in which people, processes and technologies can be seamlessly connected.

No modernization project will be the same. However, keep in mind some general considerations to help optimize your network design and proactively address risks.

  1. Collaborate Upfront.

    Modernizing a network infrastructure shouldn’t be a go-it-alone venture for IT or OT. Rather, it needs to be a collaborative effort that involves functional teams from across organizations.

    Early and open dialogue can help minimize any cultural differences by getting buy-in from all stakeholders. Most importantly, however, upfront collaboration is crucial to identifying potential risks and addressing them before they develop into problems.

    Some areas where collaboration is key include:

    • Determining what connections are needed between the manufacturing execution system (MES) and enterprise business systems so everyone has access to the information they need.

    • Designing the network such that maintenance can be done without disrupting production.

    • Coordinating safety and security efforts to help identify and mitigate potential risks that could arise from security or safety incidents.

  2. Use Design and Deployment Resources.

    Industry guidance and resources are invaluable during your network modernization project.

    Introduces the concepts and technologies you need to make the transition, while also providing tips on system design, configuration, implementation and troubleshooting.

  3. Choose the Right Protocol

    One of the most critical decisions you will make in designing your network infrastructure is selecting the right industrial Ethernet protocol.

    Today, manufacturing and industrial companies are seeking to capitalize on the proliferation of connected smart devices that make up the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). IIoT devices use the internet protocol (IP), which provides the common language for different devices to coexist and interoperate on the same network.

    Adoption of IIoT technologies will be a defining characteristic of the industrial sector for the next several years. Research firm Gartner, Inc. forecasts that the number of connected things worldwide will reach 20.8 billion by 2020. The technologies are expected to help manufacturers generate nearly $3.9 trillion in value through increased revenues and lower costs in the coming years.

    One such IIoT technology is EtherNet/IP™, an industrial automation protocol that harnesses the power of IP, allowing for the harmonious coexistence of all IP-connected devices. This includes devices designed for industrial and commercial use. Proprietary networking technologies with multiple isolated networks can’t support this cross-device connectivity, unless you make additional investments in gateways, protocol converters or proprietary switching.

  4. Use a Holistic Security Approach

    According to a recent report from BDO USA, 92% of manufacturers cited cybersecurity concerns in their 2016 SEC disclosures this year. What’s more, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has reported that basic cybersecurity practices in many industrial organizations are “an afterthought or significantly less than needed.”

    Industrial organizations cannot ignore the fact that more connection points in a modern industrial IP network architecture also bring greater security risks.

    No single security product, technology or methodology can be expected to contain today’s massive threat landscape on its own. A security-through-obscurity approach is no longer sufficient. Instead, you need a holistic security approach to help protect your people, operations, intellectual property and other assets.

    Your industrial security program should start with a security assessment to identify risk areas and potential threats. From there, plan to deploy a defense-in-depth (DiD) security approach that establishes multiple layers of defense.

  5. Plan for the Future

    The infrastructure life cycle in the industrial automation space is typically between 15 and 20 years. However, can you imagine in 20 years what your operations will look like or how you will be using information given all the innovation that’s occurring today?

    This is why it’s important that your industrial network infrastructure addresses your current needs while also anticipating those of tomorrow.

    You may someday decide to adopt virtualization, for example, which can cut the cost of acquiring, deploying and maintaining servers. But it also increases the amount and type of traffic on an industrial network. As a result, your network infrastructure should be segmented into different virtual LANs to create smaller zones. You also will need an industrial demilitarized zone (IDMZ) with servers that can access the industrial zone.

    Likewise, incorporating remote access into your operations will require that your network architecture support video and other collaboration tools. Integrating mobile devices will require that the network supports tablet authentication and encryption.

    Workforce changes also should be considered. A modern industrial IP network infrastructure combined with a smart production approach will have a significant impact on your workers. It will require IT and OT professionals to have a full understanding of the converged environment, and will reshape roles for those responsible for developing and overseeing it.

Saturday, March 3, 2007

Power: The Essence of Work and Energy

Power, in its simplest definition, is the rate of doing work — a measure of how quickly energy is used or transformed. It connects two fundamental concepts of physics: work and energy. Work represents the effort exerted to move or change something, while energy is the capacity to perform that work. Power, therefore, tells us how fast that energy is expended.

When we switch on a lamp, the light we see is not merely a glow — it is energy being converted into visible radiation at a certain rate. When we turn on an electric fan, it’s energy being used to move air molecules, producing motion and cooling. In all these cases, the measure of “how fast” this conversion happens is called power.

Units of Power
The standard unit of power is the watt (W), named after James Watt, who pioneered improvements in the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution. Power can be expressed in several equivalent forms:

1 Watt = 1 joule per second
1 Kilowatt = 1,000 Watts
1 Megawatt = 1,000 Kilowatts
1 Horsepower ≈ 746 Watts

Each of these units describes the same concept: energy used per unit of time. A 100-watt light bulb consumes 100 joules of energy every second it operates. A modern hydroelectric generator rated at 500 megawatts converts the gravitational potential of falling water into electrical energy at a rate of half a billion joules per second. This rate of conversion is what makes the difference between a small household appliance and a national power grid.

Energy and Power in Daily Life
Energy is the raw resource — the fuel, the motion, the potential waiting to be released. Power is the pace at which that energy is harnessed. We need energy to run power plants that generate electricity, and we need power to run our machines, light our cities, and heat our homes. Without energy, power cannot exist; without power, energy cannot be effectively utilized.

Electricity, among all energy forms, is the most versatile and convenient. It can be generated from a variety of sources — fossil fuels, nuclear reactions, wind, water, or sunlight — and converted easily into heat, light, or motion. Because of this flexibility, electricity has become the lifeblood of modern civilization.

Growth of the Power Industry
The demand for electricity has grown faster than any other form of energy. Over the past century, the power industry has witnessed a remarkable transformation: from small, localized direct-current systems to vast interconnected alternating-current grids spanning entire continents. Today, our electrical networks are intelligent, adaptive, and monitored by digital systems that ensure stability and efficiency in real time.

This rapid evolution in the power sector has not been just about generating more electricity. It has also been about doing it better: improving thermal efficiency, reducing transmission losses, integrating renewable sources, and ensuring energy security. The shift from mechanical to electronic control systems has made power plants more reliable, safer, and environmentally sustainable.

Electricity and National Development
Electricity plays a decisive role in the progress of both industrial and agricultural sectors. It powers machinery, drives automation, irrigates fields, and supports communication and information systems. Consequently, the per capita consumption of electricity in a country is a strong indicator of its economic productivity and social progress.

In developing economies, expanding access to reliable electricity is a cornerstone of modernization. Electrification brings factories to life, enables education through digital tools, and improves public health systems. Recognizing this, governments across the world — particularly in emerging nations — have consistently placed power development among their highest priorities in national planning and investment.

The Future of Power
As the global community moves toward sustainability, the concept of power extends beyond mere generation. Efficiency and conservation have become new forms of production. A watt saved through better insulation or efficient lighting is equivalent to a watt generated by a power plant — often at a fraction of the cost and environmental impact.

Advances in renewable technologies, energy storage, and smart grid systems are shaping a future where electricity will not only be abundant but also cleaner and more intelligent. The 21st-century challenge is to balance growing demand with environmental responsibility — to produce power that empowers without depleting.

Conclusion
Power is more than just a physical quantity measured in watts or horsepower. It is the pulse of modern civilization, the rhythm that keeps societies functioning and economies alive. From the spinning turbines of massive hydroelectric stations to the quiet hum of a smartphone battery, power links human progress with the invisible flow of energy through our world.

As we look ahead, the relationship between energy, power, and technology will only deepen. The pursuit of efficient, sustainable, and equitable power generation is not merely an engineering challenge — it is a moral and global one. After all, the measure of a civilization is not only how much power it can produce, but how wisely it chooses to use it.

Di awal ada panas, dan panas itu menjadi gerak. Gerak menjadi listrik, dan listrik menjadi terang. Dan terang itu kembali ke manusia — yang mengubahnya menjadi kehidupan.

Friday, February 2, 2007

Python untuk Menggambarkan Partikel dalam Potensial Kotak Tak Hingga

Python untuk Menggambarkan Partikel dalam Potensial Kotak Tak Hingga

Tulisan ini adalah percikan permenungan masa silam—sebuah sketsa yang pertama kali saya renungkan sekitar tahun 1992 dan saya plot ulang pada 2007—kini disajikan kembali dengan Python agar mudah direplikasi di komputer mana pun. Kita akan meninjau teori singkat “partikel dalam potensial kotak tak hingga” (infinite square well) dan lalu mem-plot bentuk fungsi gelombangnya untuk beberapa bilangan kuantum n. Fokusnya sederhana: memahami bentuk solusi, normalisasi, dan cara memvisualisasinya secara cepat.

1) Latar Teoretis Singkat
Model “potensial kotak tak hingga” mendeskripsikan partikel bermassa m yang terkurung sempurna pada rentang posisi 0 ≤ x ≤ L. Di dalam kotak, potensial V(x)=0; di luar kotak, potensialnya tak hingga. Batas ini memaksa fungsi gelombang ψ(x) lenyap di tepi: ψ(0)=0 dan ψ(L)=0. Menyelesaikan persamaan Schrödinger waktu-independen pada domain tersebut menghasilkan himpunan solusi diskret (terkuantisasi).

2) Fungsi Gelombang & Kuantisasi Energi
Solusi ruang (ruang satu dimensi) untuk keadaan-keadaan stasioner adalah:

ψn(x) = √(2/L) · sin(n·π·x/L), dengan n = 1, 2, 3, …

Koefisien √(2/L) memastikan normalisasi 0Ln(x)|² dx = 1. Nilai n adalah bilangan kuantum utama yang menentukan jumlah simpul dan “bentuk” gelombang. Energi pun terkuantisasi:

En = (n²·π²·ħ²)/(2mL²).

Artinya, semakin tinggi n, semakin rapat gelombangnya, dan energinya bertambah secara kuadrat terhadap n. Keadaan dasar (n=1) tidak pernah berenergi nol; inilah energi titik nol (zero-point energy).

3) Interpretasi Probabilitas
Probabilitas menemukan partikel di sekitar posisi x sebanding dengan n(x)|². Untuk n=1, probabilitas memuncak di tengah kotak; untuk n yang lebih tinggi, akan muncul simpul (titik nol probabilitas) dan daerah puncak yang bergantian.

4) Plotting dengan Python
Secara komputasional, solusi ini mudah divisualisasikan. Kita cukup mendefinisikan L, membuat grid posisi x, dan menuliskan fungsi ψn(x). Contoh di bawah memplot beberapa keadaan (n = 1…5). Untuk memudahkan visualisasi, setiap kurva di-offset ke atas agar tidak saling menimpa (murni keperluan estetika plot).

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Rentang x dalam kotak kuantum (0 hingga L)
L = 1  # Panjang kotak
x = np.linspace(0, L, 1000)  # Discretisasi ruang

# Fungsi gelombang untuk partikel dalam kotak kuantum
def psi_n(n, x, L):
    return np.sqrt(2 / L) * np.sin(n * np.pi * x / L)

# Plot beberapa nilai n
plt.figure("Partikel dalam Potensial Kotak Tak Hingga", figsize=(10, 6))
plt.axhline(0, color='black', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(0, color='black', linewidth=1)
plt.grid(True)

colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'magenta', 'orange', 'cyan']
for i, n in enumerate([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]):
    plt.plot(x, psi_n(n, x, L) + 5 - n, '-', color=colors[i], label=f'n={n}')

plt.title("Fungsi Gelombang dalam Potensial Kotak Tak Hingga")
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel("x (posisi dalam kotak)")
plt.ylabel("ψ(x) + offset")
plt.show()

5) Cara Menjalankan
Simpan kode sebagai berkas .py, pastikan numpy dan matplotlib telah terpasang, lalu jalankan dengan Python. Misalnya melalui terminal:

pip install numpy matplotlib
python nama_berkas.py

6) Catatan Visualisasi
Offset vertikal (+ 5 - n) hanya untuk memisahkan kurva sehingga legenda dan bentuk gelombang mudah dibaca. Jika Anda ingin melihat bentuk asli tanpa pergeseran, hilangkan penjumlahan offset tersebut. Untuk menambahkan “tingkat energi” En sebagai garis bantu, Anda bisa memplot garis horizontal di kanan atau di atas kurva agar sejajar dengan masing-masing n (sekadar petunjuk kualitatif).

7) Penutup Reflektif
Bagi sebagian dari kita, model sederhana ini membawa aroma nostalgia: dulu dihitung dengan tangan dan kalkulator ilmiah pada awal 1990-an, lalu dipetakan di 2006 dengan perangkat lunak yang lebih ramah. Kini, dalam hitungan detik, Python menampilkan kembali gelombang-gelombang itu di layar—mengingatkan bahwa esensi sains tidak berubah: dari papan tulis ke layar monitor, yang berpindah hanyalah alatnya, bukan keindahan matematikanya.

Catatan: Artikel ini adalah percikan permenungan yang berawal pada tahun 1992 dan saya plot ulang pada 2007; kini direplikasi kembali dengan Python sebagai jembatan antara memori lama dan praktik komputasi modern.

Monday, January 1, 2007

Classical mechanics is an approximation of quantum mechanics

The main difference between newtonian mechanics and quantum mechanics lies in the way it describes them. In classical mechanics, the future of the particle has been determined by:

  1. the initial position,
  2. initial momentum as well as,
  3. forces acting on the particle.

In the macroscopic world, this quantity can all be determined by a sufficient boiler to obtain a newton mechanics prediction that matches the observation