Jacoby Approach Heat Mass Balance Calculation

ENGINEER AND WHAT ENGINEERS DO

WHAT IS AN ENGINEER AND WHAT DO ENGINEERS DO?

The answer is in the word itself. An er word ending means “the practice of.” For example, a farmer farms, a baker bakes, a singer sings, a driver drives, and so forth. But what does an engineer do? Do they engine? Yes they do! The word engine comes from the Latin ingenerare, meaning “to create.“

About 2000 years ago, the Latin word ingenium was used to describe the design of a new machine. Soon after, the word ingen was being used to describe all machines. In English, “ingen” was spelled “engine” and people who designed creative things were known as “engine-ers”. In French, German, and Spanish today, the word for engineer is ingenieur.

So What Is an Engineer?
An engineer is a creative and ingenious person.

What Does an Engineer Do?
Engineers create ingenious solutions to society’s problems.

-Dedicated to All the Engineers and Future Engineers of the World.-
Thanks to Robert T Balmer for an enlightenment

HIERARCHY : WITH THE REMOTE SUPREME BEING ON TOP

Indigenous religions have a hierarchy. At the lowest level there are rocks, earth and grass. Then come the animals among which mankind is in a superior position. Next come the more powerful spiritual people and the ancestors. Divinities come next. On the last level is the remote supreme being. Most of these primal religions have a belief in a creator god. Having created, this god is too great, very powerful and too distant to be worshipped directly; whenever there is something extraordinary he is called upon; he is believed to be all-seeing (Maybe a distant clue to one of the characteristics of the supreme being of our times?). This god is unbound by time, unbound by place and has no end. He is regarded as compassionate, but having an unpredictable nature. Man needs intermediaries, because he cannot get close to this superior being. Earthlings may communicate with lesser superior beings (So they needed a kind of a 'go between', as angels and archangels were needed in our times. So little has changed!). Most religious activity takes place around the lesser gods, around the spirits in everything, and especially around ancestors who are intercessors between the mankind on the one hand and his environment and god on the other. But ancestors are especially revered. Some of those ancestors are worshipped as gods. But their main role is mediation and facilitation. They watch over their community and warn them against the breaking of taboos.

Ancestors have a special place, but death is not welcomed. Death, except in very old age, is considered as unnatural. Here is a paradox; death is feared but death at the same time is the gateway to becoming an ancestor. Except that in Ashanti (a people living in Ghana) there is no doctrine of reincarnation and the spirits of ancestors do live in this world. They are ever-present and inhabit the living sometimes. There is an underlying relationship between the human being, society, animals, plants and the supreme beings, and care is taken to preserve this net of relationships. Many rites are directed towards the maintenance or to the reparation of relationship.

Most tribal groups have ceremonies for all the rites of passage: Birth, naming, initiation, marriage and death. Initiation takes different forms; often it means induction into adulthood. Sometimes initiation comes up as acceptance into secret societies.

Spreader Stokers

The spreader stoker is capable of burning a wide range of coals, from high-rank eastern bituminous to lignite or brown coal and a variety of by product waste fuels.

As the name implies, the spreader stoker projects fuel into the furnace over the fire with a uniform spreading action, permitting suspension burning of the fine fuel particles. The heavier pieces, that cannot be supported in the gas flow, fall to the grate for combustion in a thin fast burning bed. This method of firing provides extreme sensitivity to load fluctuations as ignition is almost instantaneous on increase of firing rate and the thin fuel bed can burned out rapidly when desired.

The modern spreader stoker installation consists of feeder distributor units in widths and numbers as required to distribute the fuel uniformly over the width of the grate, specifically designed air-metering grates, forced draft fans for both undergrate and overfire air, dust collecting and reinjecting equipment and combustion controls to coordinate fuel and air supply with load demand.

WHO CREATED THE WORLD?

There is little curiosity about the origins of the world. But it is assumed that some gods/divina entities/archangels/angels (Please select the appropriate designation) have created the world and provided man with the means to live. But the world they live in is important and naturally there is more communication between man and his ancestors than with the gods. Most rites are directed at keeping these links intact.

Turbine Protection Devices:

1.Typical Devices
The following typical turbine protection devices are provided and the description of each and the extent of supply. In circumstances where these devices may initiate a trip, the signals shall be hard wired:

• Local hand trip.
• Remote emergency push buttons.
• Low bearing oil pressure trip.
• Loss of relay fluid pressure trip.
• Externally initiated electrical system trips.
• Overspeed Protection.
• High turbine exhaust temperatures.
• High condenser pressure.

2.Overspeed Protection
To prevent the inadvertent overspeed of the Turbo Generator unit, it is preferred that an established duplex system of overspeed protection shall be provided to trip the unit at 10% overspeed. The system may utilize established mechanical and/or electrical devices.

The facilities provided for testing the overspeed protection systems and the steam admission valves, preferably with full stroking and the minimum reduction of load shall be described.

3.On-Load Testing
Facilities shall be provided for testing the tripping system protection systems and steam valves whilst the set is at part or full load and with the minimum disturbance to the load.

4.High Exhaust Temperature Protection
If water sprays or other devices are included to limit the temperature at the turbine exhaust during transient or continuous low load operation, the full details is required, including the method of control and source of cooling water.

5.High Condenser Pressure Protection
In addition to any vacuum operated unloading and trip gear which may be required, protection against excessive pressure in the condenser shall be provided by an approved means such as lifting or relief discs or bursting diaphragms etc. These shall be sized to discharge full load steam flow with a condenser pressure of less than 0.4 bar (g).

Kuburan Windows Gagal: ME, Vista, 8 dan 8.1

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Sejarah Microsoft Windows adalah liturgi panjang penuh versi, service pack, dan ikon Start Menu yang dianggap suci. Namun di sela-sela kitab sucinya, ada lembar-lembar apokrif: sistem operasi yang lebih banyak mengajarkan kesabaran ketimbang produktivitas. Mari kita buka makam digital itu: Windows ME, Vista, 8, dan 8.1.

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🪦 Windows ME (Millennium Edition, 2000–2001)

Dibangun di atas DOS (Windows 9x kernel), rapuh seperti rumah kardus di tengah badai. Crash legendaris: Windows Protection Error, BSOD, dan fitur System Restore yang lebih sering merusak daripada menyelamatkan.

Dipromosikan sebagai “OS Milenium” tapi terasa usang sejak lahir. Bertahan hanya 1 tahun sebelum XP datang dan menutup peti matinya.

“Windows ME adalah Windows 98 yang pakai make-up tapi lupa cuci muka.”

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🪦 Windows Vista (2006–2009)

Datang dengan ambisi, tapi juga beratnya seperti beban kosmik. Butuh RAM besar, VGA mahal, CPU premium—sementara dunia masih hidup dengan hardware pas-pasan.

Fitur UAC (User Account Control) bikin pengguna trauma: setiap klik disambut pop-up seolah sedang mengakses Pentagon. Driver banyak yang tidak kompatibel. Branding pun hancur, Vista jadi sinonim “lambat”.

“Vista mengajarkan arti sabar — menunggu boot lebih lama daripada antre nasi uduk Senin pagi.”

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🪦 Windows 8 (2012)

Eksperimen paling berani sekaligus paling fatal: menghapus tombol Start, ikon paling sakral di dunia GUI. Metro UI dipaksakan ke desktop, padahal cocoknya hanya di tablet yang waktu itu hampir tidak ada.

User enterprise bingung: “Mau buka Word kok harus lewat kotak-kotak warna warni ini?” UI schizoprenia: Metro + Desktop klasik, tidak pernah akur.

“Windows 8 adalah eksperimen rahasia: seberapa cepat manusia bisa install Classic Shell.”

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🪦 Windows 8.1 (2013)

Diperbaiki sedikit, tapi sudah terlambat. Start Button memang kembali, tapi hanya untuk mengantar pengguna ke Metro lagi—penghinaan halus.

Pasar enterprise masih trauma, lebih memilih menunggu Windows 10. Nasib 8.1 pun hanya jadi catatan kaki.

“Windows 8.1 adalah permintaan maaf, tapi ditulis dengan Comic Sans.”

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📜 Epilog: Pola Abadi

Kenapa gagal? Timing buruk, fitur “canggih” tapi tidak ramah pengguna, reputasi yang runtuh terlalu cepat. Microsoft pun sadar ada pola abadi: satu gagal, satu sukses.

• ME ❌ → XP ✅
• Vista ❌ → 7 ✅
• 8/8.1 ❌ → 10 ✅

“Kalau Windows adalah Injil, maka ME, Vista, dan 8 hanyalah apokrif: tidak ada yang mau baca, tapi semua suka menertawakan.”

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CFSPP Cycle Analysis

JCM Small CFSPP Cycle Analysis is a program for thermodynamic modelling optimization of system for the production of electricity and heat. Porting from XLS sheet to visual Basic 3.00, for Kendari unit #3

The aim of this Small Cycle Analysis is to calculate the size of relevant mass and energy flows in the small CFSPP with Heater configuration 1-1-1 (one HP heater, one Deaerator, and one LP heater).

Hardware and Software requirements:

• Windows 3.10, 3.11, 95, 98, 2000, XP (dont you ever think about vista, seven or 8)
• An Intel 286, 386, Pentium I, II, III, IV or equivalent
• 16 MB of available random-access memory (RAM)
• 1 mb of available disk space
• A 16-color monitor capable of 640 x 480 pixel resolution (800 x 600 pixel resolution recommended)
• A Floppy disk drive or CD-ROM drive (either on local PC or available through your network)
• any available printer

in order to be able to make good use of the program, it is necessary that the user have general knowledge of MS-Windows, as well as knowledge of the thermodynamics for energy system (university level). The user also have knowledge of load controls of system.

Controller

A device that has an output that varies to regulate a controlled variable in a certain way. A controller can be either analog or digital instruments independently, or may equivalent instruments such as the joint-control system. An automatic controller varies its output automatically in response to input directly or indirectly from measured process variables. A manual loading station manual controller, and the output is not depending on the measured process variables but can be varied only by manual adjustment. A controller may be integral with other functional elements of a control loop.

D'Oreste

"D'Oreste, d'Aiace" from Idomeneo (Act III, the tale of Ilia and Idamante, King of Crete) stands as one of Mozart’s most profound dramatic achievements. In this aria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart transcends mere composition and enters the realm of psychological portraiture, capturing Elettra’s descent into madness with music that burns with jealousy, despair, and divine tragedy. It is not only a testament to his technical mastery, but to his unparalleled ability to turn myth and human emotion into sound that lingers far beyond the stage.

Role in "Idomeneo": In Mozart's opera, Orestes is frequently invoked by Elettra (Electra). Elettra is the daughter of Agamemnon and the sister of Orestes. She flees to Crete after the tragic events in Argos (the murder of Clytemnestra by Orestes).

• Elettra’s Madness: In Act III, when Elettra witnesses Idamante (whom she loves) united with Ilia (her rival), she is seized by overwhelming rage, jealousy, and despair. In her famous aria, "D'Oreste, d'Aiace" ("Of Orestes, of Ajax"), Elettra calls upon the name of her brother, Orestes, and also Ajax (another mythological figure who suffered madness). She feels, and even identifies herself with, the madness and curse that befell Orestes for his crime. She longs for the Furies to pursue her as well, or for Orestes' madness to consume her.
• This moment is her ultimate expression of madness, searing jealousy, and the painful realization that she has lost both love and happiness. Through the reference to Orestes, Mozart paints a vivid portrait of Elettra’s deeply disturbed and tragic mental state.

"D'Oreste" in the context of Idomeneo, Act III does not refer to the physical presence of Orestes, but rather to Elettra’s expression of madness and suffering as she associates herself with the tragic fate of her brother Orestes, who was relentlessly pursued by the Furies.

And so I must confess: the second time I witnessed Idomeneo, I did not fall asleep. Perhaps a small personal triumph. Yet it was my wife who truly savored every note, every tragic chord, as if Mozart had composed it just for her ears. I merely followed the music; she lived inside it. 😬

Perhaps that is why she loved Idomeneo while I leaned toward Pachelbel’s Canon: she sought the storm, I sought the symmetry.

Confession: it took me more than one listening to untangle Agamemnon’s shadow from Idamante’s love story. For a while, the music felt like one long, beautiful thread woven in the same color. Perhaps that is also its secret — the madness of Elettra rising not from contrast, but from a sea of sameness.

Full disclosure: my wife reminded me that during our first Idomeneo, I barely knew who Orestes was. This Codex, like my understanding, grew with time.

Side note: Centuries later, beyond the opera house, Elettra’s cry still echoes. The symphonic metal band Aesma Daeva reshaped "D’Oreste" into a dark, orchestral storm, proving that Mozart’s madness transcends genre. The Furies still chase her—only now with distorted guitars.

Perhaps that is why Aesma Daeva’s version resonated with me more instantly. The gothic metal frame gave Elettra’s madness a pulse I could follow, while my wife still heard the raw human cry of Mozart beneath it. The same fire, refracted through different glass

When I asked my wife how she could understand *Idomeneo* despite the language barrier, she smiled: “Mozart’s *Idomeneo* isn’t about words, it’s for the brain — dynamic, stimulating. Pay attention to the progression, the bridge…”

Curious, I threw in: “What about ELO?”

She laughed: “ELO? Lovely, light… that’s like comparing Chardonnay & Viognier to soju.” I just stared, wondering what strange and beautiful world of taste and sound she was living in.
Perhaps that is our duet: a pharmacist and an engineer, hearing the same music through different instruments of thought. For her, every chord is chemistry; for me, every progression is architecture. Two worlds, meeting in Mozart.

CFSPP Cycle

– Iterations, Tools, and Thermodynamic Discipline

When analyzing the CFSPP (Coal-Fired Steam Power Plant) cycle, I found myself walking between two worlds: the discipline of hand calculations and the assistance of modern computational tools. The diagram below represents one of the steady-state simulations of the cycle, mapping enthalpy, exergy losses, temperature gradients, and mass flow distributions across every critical component.

Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel: The Iterative Backbone

While many software packages promise “instant” solutions, the underlying mathematics for solving non-linear systems in thermodynamic cycles often falls back to iterative methods. For the CFSPP cycle, especially when dealing with multiple heat exchangers, regenerative heaters, and turbine bleeds, the equations are tightly coupled.

• Jacobi Method: Useful for systems with sparse coupling. Each state variable is updated independently per iteration.
• Gauss–Seidel Method: Takes advantage of updated values within the same iteration, often converging faster for power plant cycles

In my experience, the balance equations (mass, energy, and exergy) for the CFSPP plant naturally lend themselves to Gauss–Seidel when implemented manually in Excel. It mirrors the step-by-step engineering logic: update one component, let the effects propagate, stabilize, and iterate until convergence.

CycleTempo and Manual Cross-Checks

Among the tools tested, CycleTempo (developed at TU Delft) stands out as a companion rather than a replacement. It provides a rigorous backbone for validation while still demanding that the engineer understand every enthalpy drop and exergy flow.

Manual calculation using Excel + Gauss–Seidel remains invaluable:

• Transparency: Every iteration is visible.
• Control: Adjustments to isentropic efficiencies, pressure drops, and feedwater heater bypasses can be tracked instantly.
• Education: Forces the engineer to see the physics behind the numbers.

Thermodynamics Beyond the Equations

A CFSPP cycle is not just a set of numbers. Every Δh, every kilowatt of exergy destruction, tells a story:

• The turbine bleeds whisper about optimization and trade-offs between output and regenerative heating.
• The condenser’s vacuum and temperature difference reflect the silent war against entropy.
• The feedwater heaters are the negotiators, balancing efficiency against hardware complexity.

Concluding Reflection

Analyzing a CFSPP is less about pushing buttons in software and more about listening to the cycle breathe. Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel are not just algorithms; they are the engineer’s iterative conversation with the plant, asking at each step: “Are you balanced now? Is the entropy satisfied?”

CycleTempo may run the simulation, but Excel with a well-crafted Gauss–Seidel loop teaches the discipline behind every megawatt. And in that discipline, we find both precision and respect for the machine that turns coal and steam into ordered energy.

Small CFSPP design